NCERT Solutions for Class 8th Science Chapter 6 Food Production and Management based on the latest syllabus of CBSE and JKBOSE NCERT Books
Exercises
I. Name the following:
- Five requirements essential for obtaining good crop production.
- Quality seeds
- Adequate water supply
- Proper soil preparation
- Fertilizers
- Protection from pests and diseases
- Two types of fertilizers.
- Organic fertilizers
- Inorganic (chemical) fertilizers
- Some chemicals used to protect crops from insects pests and weeds.
- Insecticides
- Herbicides
- Pesticides
- Some animal products.
- Milk
- Eggs
- Meat
- Wool
- Members of a colony of bees.
- Queen bee
- Worker bees
- Drone bees
II. Fill in the blanks:
- A _______ is used to remove weeds from the soil.
- Hoe
- A _______ is used to trowel the soil by breaking the lumps of soil after preliminary ploughing.
- Harrow
- Kharif crops are sown during the months of _______.
- June to September
- _______ seeds are not sown directly into the soil.
- Transplanted
- Rabi crops are harvested during the months of _______.
- October to March
- The practice of taking the seedlings from the nursery to the main field is known as _______ field.
- Transplanting
- Pearls are used in _______.
- Jewelry
- Honey contains _______ water and _______ sugar with minerals.
- 20% water and 80% sugar
- The hen-houses are called _______.
- Coops
- Murrah and Jaffarabadi are well-known breeds of _______.
- Buffaloes
III. Answer the following questions in only one word or in figure:
- What is the process of turning and loosening the soil called?
- Tilling
- Which implement is used for tilling soil?
- Plough
- Which implement is used for breaking up the large lumps of soil?
- Harrow
- What is the implement used for sowing called?
- Seed drill
- What is the top part of the drill called?
- Hopper
- What is an egg-laying bird called?
- Layer
- Name the members of the bee colony?
- Queen, workers, drones
- Which material is used to cover the floor of a hen-house?
- Litter (straw, sawdust)
- Which is the common food of poultry chicken?
- Feed (grains, seeds)
- Which bee is responsible for laying eggs?
- Queen bee
IV. Give the scientific reasons for the following:
- Grains, pulses, vegetables and fruits should be used in our daily life?
- They provide essential nutrients, vitamins, and minerals necessary for good health.
- The soil should be loosened before seeds are sown?
- Loosening the soil allows roots to penetrate more deeply, improving water and nutrient absorption.
- Seeds should be sown at a proper depth in the soil?
- Proper depth ensures adequate moisture and protection from birds, ensuring better germination.
- Fruits and vegetables should be washed thoroughly before eating?
- To remove pesticides, dirt, and potential pathogens that can cause illness.
- Grains are dried thoroughly before they are stored?
- To prevent mold growth and spoilage, ensuring they remain edible for longer periods.
V. Answer the following questions:
- What are the requirements of farming which would lead to high yields of crops?
- Quality seeds, proper irrigation, use of fertilizers, pest control, and appropriate farming techniques.
- What is tilling? How is it done?
- Tilling is the process of preparing the soil for planting by mechanically agitating it with tools such as ploughs, harrows, or rototillers.
- Write a short note on the process of sowing?
- Sowing involves planting seeds in the soil. It can be done manually or using a seed drill for even distribution and proper depth placement.
- What are manures? Discuss their important types.
- Manures are organic substances added to the soil to improve fertility. Types include compost, green manure, and animal dung.
- What is a fertilizer? Explain its importance.
- Fertilizers are chemical or natural substances added to the soil to supply essential nutrients that enhance plant growth and yield.
- What are broadcasting and transplanting?
- Broadcasting is scattering seeds over a large area. Transplanting is moving seedlings from a nursery to the main field for further growth.
- What is the difference between manure and fertilizer?
- Manure is organic, made from decomposed plant and animal waste. Fertilizers are inorganic, chemical substances providing specific nutrients.
- Why are weeds harmful? What is used to remove them?
- Weeds compete with crops for nutrients, water, and sunlight. Tools like hoes and chemical herbicides are used for removal.
- What are insecticides? Give examples.
- Insecticides are chemicals used to kill insects. Examples: DDT, Malathion, and Pyrethroids.
- How do insecticides protect crops?
- Insecticides kill or repel harmful insects, preventing crop damage and loss.
- Which are the two main seasons in India for cultivating crops?
- Kharif (monsoon) and Rabi (winter)
- Name some harvest festivals of India.
- Pongal, Baisakhi, Makar Sankranti, Onam
- Name four factors responsible for the improvement of a crop.
- Improved seed varieties, pest control, proper irrigation, and use of fertilizers.
- Write a short note on the process of harvesting.
- Harvesting is the process of collecting mature crops from the fields. It involves cutting, gathering, and sometimes threshing.
- Why does a farmer rotate crops in the field?
- To maintain soil fertility, reduce soil erosion, and prevent pest and disease cycles.
- What do you understand by mixed cropping?
- Growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same piece of land to maximize resource use and reduce risks.
- Why are fields sometimes allowed to remain fallow?
- To restore soil fertility by allowing it to rest and recover nutrients.
- List the importance of fish in our life?
- Source of protein, omega-3 fatty acids, employment, and economic benefits through fisheries.
- What is the nutrient value of honey?
- Honey contains carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.
- How are domesticated animals useful to us?
- Provide food (milk, meat, eggs), clothing (wool, leather), labor (plowing, transportation), and companionship (pets).
