Chapter 4: Data Handling and Presentation Solutions class 6
In our daily lives, we encounter a lot of information. This information, when collected as facts or numbers, is called data. In Chapter 4: Data Handling and Presentation class 6, we’ll learn how to collect, organize, and present data in ways that are easy to understand.
4.1 Collecting and Organising Data
The first step in handling data is to collect it. This might involve asking questions, taking measurements, or making observations. Once collected, raw data (like a long list of games) can be hard to understand. We need to organize it.
Sweets for the Class (Page 76)
Task: Complete the table of sweets preferences for Shri Nilesh’s class.
Completed Table:
| Sweets | Tally Marks | No. of Students |
|---|---|---|
| Jalebi | |||| | | 6 |
| Gulab Jamun | |||| |||| | 9 |
| Gujiya | |||| |||| ||| | 13 |
| Barfi | ||| | 3 |
| Rasgulla | |||| || | 7 |
Answers to Questions:
- a. How many students chose jalebi? 6
- b. Barfi was chosen by 3 students.
- c. How many students chose gujiya? 13
- d. Rasgulla was chosen by 7 students.
- e. How many students chose gulab jamun? 9
Is the table sufficient to distribute each type of sweet to the correct student? No, the table only tells us the total number of each sweet needed. It doesn’t tell us *which* student chose *which* sweet. An alternative would be to have a list with each student’s name next to their chosen sweet.
Shoe Size Data (Page 77)
Data (arranged in ascending order): 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7
- a. The largest shoe size in the class is 7.
- b. The smallest shoe size in the class is 3.
- c. There are 9 students who wear shoe size 5.
- d. There are 14 students who wear shoe sizes larger than 4. (9 students with size 5 + 4 with size 6 + 1 with size 7)
Arranging data in ascending (or descending) order makes it very easy to find the smallest, largest, and how many values fall above or below a certain point.
4.2 Pictographs
A pictograph is a way to represent data using pictures or symbols. It’s great for showing data visually. A pictograph must always have a key or scale to explain what each symbol represents.
Kite Sales Pictograph (Page 84)
Task: Prepare a pictograph for the kite sales data, using one symbol to represent 100 kites.
Pictograph
Key: 🪁 = 100 kites
| Shopkeeper | Number of Kites (Symbols) |
|---|---|
| Chaman (250) | 🪁🪁 (and a half kite) |
| Rani (300) | 🪁🪁🪁 |
| Rukhsana (100) | 🪁 |
| Jasmeet (450) | 🪁🪁🪁🪁 (and a half kite) |
| Jetha Lal (250) | 🪁🪁 (and a half kite) |
| Poonam Ben (700) | 🪁🪁🪁🪁🪁🪁🪁 |
Answers to Questions:
- a. How many symbols for Rani? 3 symbols.
- b. Who purchased the maximum? Poonam Ben (7 symbols).
- c. Who purchased more, Jasmeet or Chaman? Jasmeet (4.5 symbols > 2.5 symbols).
- d. Is Rukhsana correct that Poonam Ben purchased more than double what Rani purchased? Yes, she is correct. Rani purchased 300 kites. Double this is 600. Poonam Ben purchased 700 kites, which is more than 600.
4.3 Bar Graphs
A bar graph (or bar chart) uses rectangular bars to represent data. The length or height of the bar is proportional to the value it represents. Bar graphs are excellent for comparing values across different categories.
- Bars must be of uniform width.
- The space between bars must be equal.
- A bar graph needs a scale to show what the length of a bar means.
Bar Graph of Absentees (Page 86)
Task: Answer questions using the bar graph of absent students.
- In Class 2, 5 students were absent that day.
- The maximum number of students were absent in Class 8.
- Class 5 had full attendance that day (the bar has zero height).
Erased Bar Graph Puzzle (Page 93-94)
Task: Analyze the partially erased bar graph for ticket sales.
The data table gives us: Vidisha (24), Jabalpur (20), Seoni (16), Indore (28), Sagar (16).
- a. Tickets for Vidisha: 24
- b. Tickets for Jabalpur: 20
- c. Finding the scale: The bar for Vidisha (24 tickets) is 6 units high. This means 24 tickets = 6 units. Therefore, 1 unit = 24 / 6 = 4 tickets.
Let’s check with Jabalpur: 20 tickets / 5 units = 4 tickets per unit. The scale is correct! - d. Draw the bar for Sagar: Sagar sold 16 tickets. Height of bar = 16 tickets / 4 tickets per unit = 4 units.
- e. Add the scale to the vertical axis: The lines on the vertical axis would be marked as 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28…
- f. Are the bars for Seoni and Indore correct?
- Seoni: 16 tickets. Required height = 16 / 4 = 4 units. The bar in the graph appears to be 4 units high. Correct.
- Indore: 28 tickets. Required height = 28 / 4 = 7 units. The bar in the graph appears to be 7 units high. Correct.
Jaspreet Bumrah’s Wickets (Page 95)
Task: Analyze the frequency table of wickets taken.
- a. What information is this table giving? It shows the number of matches in which Jaspreet Bumrah took a certain number of wickets (from 0 to 7), out of his last 30 matches.
- b. What may be the title of this table? “Frequency of Wickets Taken by Jaspreet Bumrah in 30 Matches”.
- c. What caught your attention? One might notice that he most frequently took 3 wickets in a match (8 times), or that he never took exactly 6 wickets in these matches.
- d. In how many matches has Bumrah taken 4 wickets? Looking at the row for “Wickets Taken = 4”, the number of matches is 3.
4.5 Artistic and Aesthetic Considerations
While accuracy is most important, making data presentations visually appealing helps in communication. Using vertical bars (a column graph) for heights feels more natural than horizontal bars. Using creative shapes instead of bars can create an infographic. However, we must be careful that artistic choices don’t mislead the viewer. For example, in an infographic, if a triangle representing a taller mountain is also made wider, it might wrongly imply that taller mountains are always wider.
SUMMARY
- Data is a collection of facts or numbers that convey information.
- We organize raw data using tools like frequency distribution tables and tally marks.
- Frequency is the number of times a particular value occurs.
- A Pictograph uses pictures and a key to represent data visually. It is good for smaller datasets and quick comparisons.
- A Bar Graph uses bars of uniform width and equal spacing to compare data across categories. It is very versatile and can handle large datasets with an appropriate scale.
- Choosing the right type of graph and a suitable scale is crucial for clear and accurate data presentation.