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Most Important Physics Formulas for Class 10th
Physics is a subject that combines theory and practical applications, often using mathematics to explain natural phenomena. For Class 10 students, mastering the key formulas is essential for scoring well in exams. This blog post aims to provide an elegant and comprehensive guide to the most important physics formulas you need to know.
1. Motion
Understanding motion is fundamental in physics. Here are the key formulas:
Speed (v): v = d / t
Where: v is speed, d is distance, and t is time.
Velocity (v): v = s / t
Where: v is velocity, s is displacement, and t is time.
Acceleration (a): a = (vf – vi) / t
Where: a is acceleration, vf is final velocity, vi is initial velocity, and t is time.
Equations of Motion:
1. v = u + at
2. s = ut + (1/2)at2
3. v2 = u2 + 2as
Where: u is initial velocity, v is final velocity, a is acceleration, t is time, and s is displacement.
2. Force and Laws of Motion
Newton’s laws of motion form the foundation of classical mechanics:
Newton’s Second Law: F = ma
Where: F is force, m is mass, and a is acceleration.
Momentum (p): p = mv
Where: p is momentum, m is mass, and v is velocity.
Impulse (J): J = F Δ t = Δ p
Where: J is impulse, F is force, Δ t is the time interval, and Δ p is the change in momentum.
3. Gravitation
Gravitational force is a universal force acting between all matter:
Universal Law of Gravitation: F = G (m1m2) / r2
Where: F is the gravitational force, G is the gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the masses, and r is the distance between the centers of the two masses.
Acceleration due to Gravity (g): g = GM / R2
Where: G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the Earth, and R is the radius of the Earth.
4. Work, Energy, and Power
These concepts are closely related and crucial in understanding physical processes:
Work (W): W = F · d · cos(θ)
Where: W is work, F is force, d is displacement, and θ is the angle between force and displacement.
Kinetic Energy (KE): KE = (1/2)mv2
Where: KE is kinetic energy, m is mass, and v is velocity.
Potential Energy (PE): PE = mgh
Where: PE is potential energy, m is mass, g is acceleration due to gravity, and h is height.
Power (P): P = W / t
Where: P is power, W is work, and t is time.
5. Electricity
Electricity is a crucial part of physics, and understanding its formulas is essential:
Ohm’s Law: V = IR
Where: V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance.
Electric Power (P): P = VI = I2R = V2 / R
Where: P is power, V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance.
Resistance in Series: Rs = R1 + R2 + R3 + …
Where: Rs is the total resistance in series.
Resistance in Parallel: 1 / Rp = 1 / R1 + 1 / R2 + 1 / R3 + …
Where: Rp is the total resistance in parallel.
Electric Current (I): I = Q / t
Where: I is current, Q is charge, and t is time.
Potential Difference (V): V = W / Q
Where: V is potential difference, W is work done, and Q is charge.
Joule’s Law of Heating Effect of Electric Current: H = I2Rt
Where: H is heat produced, I is current, R is resistance, and t is time.
6. Light
Understanding light and optics is key to mastering physics:
Mirror Formula: 1 / f = 1 / v + 1 / u
Where: f is the focal length, v is the image distance, and u is the object distance.
Lens Formula: 1 / f = 1 / v – 1 / u
Where: f is the focal length, v is the image distance, and u is the object distance.
Conclusion
Mastering these formulas is key to excelling in Class 10 Physics. Practice solving problems using these formulas to gain a deeper understanding and build confidence. Keep revisiting these formulas regularly, and soon, they’ll become second nature to you. Happy studying!
By understanding and memorizing these essential formulas, you will be well-prepared to tackle your Class 10 Physics exams with confidence. For more in-depth explanations and examples, be sure to check out other resources on our website.