100 Most Important Extra Questions of Microorganisms friends and foe.

100 eextra questions of chapter chapter MicroOrganisms friends and foe of class 8th science are as under:

Question 1: What is a virus?
Answer: A virus is a microscopic infectious agent that can only replicate inside the living cells of an organism.

Question 2: What are bacteria?
Answer: Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that can be found in various environments and can be either beneficial or harmful.

Question 3: What is the role of fungi in the environment?
Answer: Fungi decompose organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.

Question 4: How do protozoa obtain their food?
Answer: Protozoa obtain their food by ingesting other microorganisms or organic particles.

Question 5: What is a pathogen?
Answer: A pathogen is a microorganism that causes disease.

Question 6: What is fermentation?
Answer: Fermentation is a process where microorganisms like yeast convert sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide.

Question 7: Which microorganism is used in the production of bread and alcohol?
Answer: Yeast is used in the production of bread and alcohol.

Question 8: Name a disease caused by bacteria.
Answer: Tuberculosis is a disease caused by bacteria.

Question 9: Name a disease caused by viruses.
Answer: Influenza is a disease caused by viruses.

Question 10: What is an antibiotic?
Answer: An antibiotic is a medicine that inhibits the growth of or destroys bacteria.

Question 11: Who discovered penicillin?
Answer: Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin.

Question 12: What is pasteurization?
Answer: Pasteurization is the process of heating food to kill harmful microorganisms.

Question 13: Name a microorganism that causes food poisoning.
Answer: Salmonella is a microorganism that causes food poisoning.

Question 14: How do bacteria reproduce?
Answer: Bacteria reproduce by binary fission.

Question 15: What is a vaccine?
Answer: A vaccine is a substance that stimulates the body’s immune response against diseases.

Question 16: What is the role of Rhizobium bacteria?
Answer: Rhizobium bacteria help in nitrogen fixation in soil.

Question 17: Can viruses reproduce outside a host cell?
Answer: No, viruses need a host cell to reproduce.

Question 18: Name a disease caused by fungi.
Answer: Athlete’s foot is a disease caused by fungi.

Question 19: How do protozoa move?
Answer: Protozoa move using cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia.

Question 20: What is the function of decomposer microorganisms?
Answer: Decomposers break down dead organic matter, recycling nutrients into the ecosystem.

Question 21: What are probiotics?
Answer: Probiotics are live bacteria that are beneficial for digestive health.

Question 22: What is bioremediation?
Answer: Bioremediation is the use of microorganisms to remove pollutants from the environment.

Question 23: Name a nitrogen-fixing microorganism.
Answer: Azotobacter is a nitrogen-fixing microorganism.

Question 24: What is genetic engineering?
Answer: Genetic engineering is the manipulation of an organism’s genes using biotechnology.

Question 25: What is an epidemic?
Answer: An epidemic is a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.

Question 26: How does the influenza virus spread?
Answer: The influenza virus spreads through respiratory droplets.

Question 27: Name a disease caused by a virus in animals.
Answer: Rabies is a disease caused by a virus in animals.

Question 28: What is the role of cyanobacteria in the ecosystem?
Answer: Cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis and fix atmospheric nitrogen.

Question 29: What is a zoonotic disease?
Answer: A zoonotic disease is a disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans.

Question 30: What is an algae bloom?
Answer: An algae bloom is a rapid increase in the population of algae in water.

Question 31: Name a fungus that causes disease in humans.
Answer: Candida is a fungus that causes disease in humans.

Question 32: What are extremophiles?
Answer: Extremophiles are microorganisms that thrive in extreme conditions.

Question 33: Name a common fungal infection.
Answer: Ringworm is a common fungal infection.

Question 34: What are mycorrhizae?
Answer: Mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations between fungi and plant roots.

Question 35: What is a spore?
Answer: A spore is a reproductive structure produced by fungi and some bacteria.

Question 36: What is antibiotic resistance?
Answer: Antibiotic resistance is the ability of bacteria to withstand the effects of an antibiotic.

Question 37: How do antibiotics work?
Answer: Antibiotics work by killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria.

Question 38: Name a microorganism used in biotechnology.
Answer: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a microorganism used in biotechnology.

Question 39: How do microorganisms benefit the human gut?
Answer: Microorganisms benefit the human gut by aiding in digestion and producing vitamins.

Question 40: What is pasteurization?
Answer: Pasteurization is the process of heating food to kill harmful microorganisms.

Question 41: Name a process used to kill bacteria in milk.
Answer: Pasteurization is used to kill bacteria in milk.

Question 42: What is a culture medium?
Answer: A culture medium is a nutrient solution used to grow microorganisms in a lab.

Question 43: What is the role of Lactobacillus in food production?
Answer: Lactobacillus ferments lactose to produce lactic acid, used in making yogurt.

Question 44: What is the shape of a coccus bacterium?
Answer: A coccus bacterium is spherical in shape.

Question 45: What is the shape of a bacillus bacterium?
Answer: A bacillus bacterium is rod-shaped.

Question 46: Name a bacterial disease in plants.
Answer: Fire blight is a bacterial disease in plants.

Question 47: What is the causative agent of the common cold?
Answer: The rhinovirus is the causative agent of the common cold.

Question 48: How do algae contribute to the oxygen supply?
Answer: Algae contribute to the oxygen supply through photosynthesis.

Question 49: What is a saprophyte?
Answer: A saprophyte is an organism that feeds on dead organic matter.

Question 50: What is the role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae?
Answer: Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used in baking and brewing.

Question 51: What is the function of antibiotics in nature?
Answer: In nature, antibiotics help microorganisms compete by inhibiting the growth of rivals.

Question 52: Name a viral disease that has been eradicated.
Answer: Smallpox is a viral disease that has been eradicated.

Question 53: What is a communicable disease?
Answer: A communicable disease is a disease that can be spread from person to person.

Question 54: How can we prevent the spread of infectious diseases?
Answer: We can prevent the spread of infectious diseases by maintaining hygiene, vaccination, and using disinfectants.

Question 55: Name a beneficial use of bacteria in agriculture.
Answer: Nitrogen fixation is a beneficial use of bacteria in agriculture.

Question 56: What is an algae bloom?
Answer: An algae bloom is a rapid increase in the population of algae in water.

Question 57: What is the role of decomposer microorganisms?
Answer: Decomposer microorganisms break down dead organic matter, recycling nutrients into the ecosystem.

Question 58: Name a disease caused by a waterborne microorganism.
Answer: Cholera is a disease caused by a waterborne microorganism.

Question 59: What is the role of fungi in food production?
Answer: Fungi are used in the production of various food products, such as bread, beer, and cheese.

Question 60: How does the HIV virus affect the body?
Answer: The HIV virus attacks the immune system, weakening the body’s defense against infections.

Question 61: What are biofuels?
Answer: Biofuels are fuels produced from living organisms or their metabolic byproducts.

Question 62: Name a microorganism used in the dairy industry.
Answer: Lactobacillus is used in the dairy industry.

Question 63: What is the shape of spirillum bacteria?
Answer: Spirillum bacteria have a spiral shape.

Question 64: What is bioremediation?
Answer: Bioremediation is the use of microorganisms to remove pollutants from the environment.

Question 65: Name a method of food preservation.
Answer: Canning is a method of food preservation.

Question 66: How do vaccines work?
Answer: Vaccines stimulate the immune system to recognize and fight specific pathogens.

Question 67: Name a fungal infection that affects plants.
Answer: Rust fungus is a fungal infection that affects plants.

Question 69: Name a microorganism that is beneficial to the human gut.
Answer: Lactobacillus is a beneficial microorganism to the human gut.

Question 70: What is a communicable disease?
Answer: A communicable disease is a disease that can be spread from one person to another.

Question 71: What is a symbiotic relationship?
Answer: A symbiotic relationship is an interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both.

Question 72: What is a host in terms of viruses?
Answer: A host is an organism that a virus infects and uses to replicate.

Question 73: What is a colony in microbiology?
Answer: A colony is a visible mass of microorganisms all originating from a single mother cell.

Question 74: What is sterilization?
Answer: Sterilization is the process of making something free from bacteria or other living microorganisms.

Question 75: Name a disease caused by protozoa.
Answer: Malaria is a disease caused by protozoa.

Question 76: What is the role of algae in aquatic ecosystems?
Answer: Algae produce oxygen through photosynthesis and serve as the base of the food chain in aquatic ecosystems.

Question 77: Name a microorganism that causes food spoilage.
Answer: Mold is a microorganism that causes food spoilage.

Question 78: What is microbial fermentation used for in food production?
Answer: Microbial fermentation is used to produce foods such as yogurt, bread, and sauerkraut.

Question 79: What is a non-communicable disease?
Answer: A non-communicable disease is a disease that cannot be spread from person to person.

Question 80: What is the role of methanogens in the environment?
Answer: Methanogens are microorganisms that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct in anoxic conditions and are important in sewage treatment.

Question 81: How do antibiotics differ from vaccines?
Answer: Antibiotics treat bacterial infections, whereas vaccines prevent viral and bacterial infections by stimulating the immune system.

Question 82: What is genetic modification?
Answer: Genetic modification is the process of altering the genetic makeup of an organism.

Question 83: What is the role of nitrifying bacteria?
Answer: Nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia into nitrates, which plants can absorb as nutrients.

Question 84: What is the role of decomposer microorganisms in the carbon cycle?
Answer: Decomposers break down dead organisms, returning carbon to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide through respiration.

Question 85: Name a fungal infection that affects humans.
Answer: Athlete’s foot is a fungal infection that affects humans.

Question 86: What are extremophiles?
Answer: Extremophiles are microorganisms that thrive in extreme environmental conditions.

Question 87: What is a probiotic?
Answer: A probiotic is a live microorganism that provides health benefits when consumed.

Question 88: Name a method to control microbial growth.
Answer: Sterilization is a method to control microbial growth.

Question 89: What is a microbial culture?
Answer: A microbial culture is a method of multiplying microbial organisms by letting them reproduce in predetermined culture media under controlled laboratory conditions.

Question 90: How do viruses cause disease?
Answer: Viruses cause disease by infecting and damaging host cells.

Question 91: What is the shape of vibrio bacteria?
Answer: Vibrio bacteria have a comma-shaped, curved rod structure.

Question 92: What is an infectious disease?
Answer: An infectious disease is a disease caused by the invasion of a host by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi.

Question 93: Name a microorganism used in the production of antibiotics.
Answer: Penicillium is a microorganism used in the production of antibiotics.

Question 94: What is an outbreak?
Answer: An outbreak is the sudden occurrence of a disease in a specific geographic area or population.

Question 95: What is the role of fungi in decomposing organic matter?
Answer: Fungi break down complex organic substances into simpler compounds, recycling nutrients in the environment.

Question 96: How does pasteurization benefit food safety?
Answer: Pasteurization benefits food safety by killing harmful microorganisms in food products.

Question 97: What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic bacteria?
Answer: Aerobic bacteria require oxygen to grow, whereas anaerobic bacteria do not require oxygen and may even die in its presence.

Question 98: What is biogas?
Answer: Biogas is a mixture of gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen, primarily composed of methane and carbon dioxide.

Question 99: What is a microbial infection?
Answer: A microbial infection is an invasion of the body by harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protozoa.

Question 100: What is an example of a beneficial microorganism used in agriculture?
Answer: Rhizobium bacteria are beneficial microorganisms used in agriculture for nitrogen fixation.