Concise Physics Class 10 Solutions
Complete Chapter-wise Solutions for ICSE Students | Perfect for NEET & JEE Foundation
Welcome to the most comprehensive guide for Concise Physics Class 10 Solutions! This detailed resource covers all essential chapters from the ICSE curriculum with step-by-step solutions, practical examples, and conceptual explanations. Whether you’re preparing for your board exams or building a strong foundation for NEET and JEE, this guide will help you master every concept with confidence.
How to Use This Guide
- Each chapter includes detailed theory explanations
- Step-by-step solutions for textbook problems
- Interactive “Show Solution” buttons for practice
- Important formulas and concepts highlighted
- FAQ section for common doubts
Chapter 1: Force
Key Concepts
- Force: A push or pull that changes or tends to change the state of motion of an object
- Newton’s First Law: Law of Inertia
- Newton’s Second Law: F = ma
- Newton’s Third Law: Action-Reaction Law
- Types of Forces: Contact and Non-contact forces
Important Formulas
Force: F = ma (where m = mass, a = acceleration)
Weight: W = mg (where g = acceleration due to gravity)
Momentum: p = mv (where v = velocity)
Impulse: J = FΔt = Δp
Sample Problem & Solution
Problem: A force of 20 N acts on a body of mass 4 kg. Calculate the acceleration produced.
Given:
- Force (F) = 20 N
- Mass (m) = 4 kg
- Acceleration (a) = ?
Solution:
Using Newton’s Second Law: F = ma
Therefore, a = F/m = 20/4 = 5 m/s²
Answer: The acceleration produced is 5 m/s²
Practice Questions
Q1: State Newton’s three laws of motion with examples.
Answer:
First Law: An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force. Example: A book on a table remains at rest until pushed.
Second Law: The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to its mass (F = ma). Example: Pushing a car requires more force than pushing a bicycle.
Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Example: Walking – we push the ground backward, and the ground pushes us forward.
Chapter 2: Work, Energy and Power
Key Concepts
- Work: Work is done when force is applied and displacement occurs
- Energy: Capacity to do work
- Kinetic Energy: Energy due to motion
- Potential Energy: Energy due to position or configuration
- Power: Rate of doing work
- Conservation of Energy: Energy can neither be created nor destroyed
Important Formulas
Work: W = F × s × cos θ
Kinetic Energy: KE = ½mv²
Potential Energy: PE = mgh
Power: P = W/t = F × v
Work-Energy Theorem: W = ΔKE
Sample Problem & Solution
Problem: A ball of mass 2 kg is thrown vertically upward with a velocity of 20 m/s. Calculate its kinetic energy and potential energy at the highest point.
Given:
- Mass (m) = 2 kg
- Initial velocity (u) = 20 m/s
- g = 10 m/s²
Solution:
At the highest point, velocity = 0
∴ Kinetic Energy = ½mv² = ½ × 2 × 0² = 0 J
Height reached: v² = u² – 2gh
0 = (20)² – 2 × 10 × h
h = 400/20 = 20 m
∴ Potential Energy = mgh = 2 × 10 × 20 = 400 J
Answer: KE = 0 J, PE = 400 J
Chapter 3: Machines
Key Concepts
- Machine: A device that makes work easier
- Effort: Force applied to operate a machine
- Load: Force that is overcome by the machine
- Mechanical Advantage (MA): Load/Effort
- Velocity Ratio (VR): Distance moved by effort/Distance moved by load
- Efficiency: (MA/VR) × 100%
Important Formulas
Mechanical Advantage: MA = Load/Effort
Velocity Ratio: VR = Distance moved by effort/Distance moved by load
Efficiency: η = (MA/VR) × 100% = (Output work/Input work) × 100%
For Lever: Effort × Effort arm = Load × Load arm
For Pulley: MA = Number of supporting ropes
Sample Problem & Solution
Problem: A lever has an effort arm of 60 cm and a load arm of 20 cm. If an effort of 100 N is applied, find the load that can be lifted and the mechanical advantage.
Given:
- Effort arm = 60 cm
- Load arm = 20 cm
- Effort = 100 N
Solution:
For a lever: Effort × Effort arm = Load × Load arm
100 × 60 = Load × 20
Load = (100 × 60)/20 = 300 N
Mechanical Advantage = Load/Effort = 300/100 = 3
Answer: Load = 300 N, MA = 3
Chapter 4: Sound
Key Concepts
- Sound: A form of energy that produces sensation of hearing
- Wave Properties: Amplitude, Frequency, Wavelength, Time period
- Speed of Sound: Depends on medium, temperature, and humidity
- Echo: Reflected sound that reaches the ear after 0.1 seconds
- Reverberation: Multiple reflections of sound
- Ultrasonic and Infrasonic: Sounds beyond human hearing range
Important Formulas
Wave Equation: v = fλ (where v = velocity, f = frequency, λ = wavelength)
Frequency: f = 1/T (where T = time period)
Speed of Sound in Air: v = 332 + 0.6t (where t = temperature in °C)
Echo Distance: d = vt/2 (where t = time taken for echo)
Sample Problem & Solution
Problem: A sound wave has a frequency of 500 Hz and travels at a speed of 340 m/s. Calculate its wavelength.
Given:
- Frequency (f) = 500 Hz
- Speed (v) = 340 m/s
- Wavelength (λ) = ?
Solution:
Using the wave equation: v = fλ
Therefore, λ = v/f = 340/500 = 0.68 m
Answer: The wavelength is 0.68 m
Chapter 5: Light
Key Concepts
- Reflection of Light: Bouncing back of light rays
- Laws of Reflection: Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
- Spherical Mirrors: Concave and Convex mirrors
- Refraction: Bending of light when passing through different media
- Snell’s Law: n₁sin θ₁ = n₂sin θ₂
- Total Internal Reflection: Complete reflection at critical angle
Important Formulas
Mirror Formula: 1/f = 1/u + 1/v
Magnification: m = -v/u = h’/h
Refractive Index: n = c/v = sin i/sin r
Critical Angle: sin C = 1/n
Lens Formula: 1/f = 1/v – 1/u
Sample Problem & Solution
Problem: An object is placed 30 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 20 cm. Find the position and nature of the image.
Given:
- Object distance (u) = -30 cm
- Focal length (f) = -20 cm (concave mirror)
- Image distance (v) = ?
Solution:
Using mirror formula: 1/f = 1/u + 1/v
1/(-20) = 1/(-30) + 1/v
1/v = -1/20 + 1/30 = (-3 + 2)/60 = -1/60
Therefore, v = -60 cm
Magnification = -v/u = -(-60)/(-30) = -2
Answer: Image is 60 cm in front of mirror, real, inverted, and magnified 2 times
Chapter 6: Current Electricity
Key Concepts
- Electric Current: Flow of electric charge
- Ohm’s Law: V = IR (at constant temperature)
- Resistance: Opposition to current flow
- Resistivity: Material property affecting resistance
- Series and Parallel Circuits: Different connection methods
- Electric Power: Rate of electrical energy consumption
Important Formulas
Current: I = Q/t
Ohm’s Law: V = IR
Resistance: R = ρl/A
Power: P = VI = I²R = V²/R
Series: R_total = R₁ + R₂ + R₃…
Parallel: 1/R_total = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃…
Sample Problem & Solution
Problem: Three resistors of 2Ω, 3Ω, and 6Ω are connected in parallel. Calculate the equivalent resistance.
Given:
- R₁ = 2Ω
- R₂ = 3Ω
- R₃ = 6Ω
- Connected in parallel
Solution:
For parallel connection: 1/R_eq = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃
1/R_eq = 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/6
1/R_eq = (3 + 2 + 1)/6 = 6/6 = 1
Therefore, R_eq = 1Ω
Answer: The equivalent resistance is 1Ω
Quick Reference Guide
Most Important Formulas
- F = ma (Newton’s Second Law)
- W = F × s (Work)
- KE = ½mv² (Kinetic Energy)
- v = fλ (Wave Equation)
- V = IR (Ohm’s Law)
Exam Tips
- Always write given data clearly
- State the formula before substituting
- Include proper units in answers
- Draw diagrams where applicable
- Practice numerical problems daily
FAQs About Concise Physics Class 10 Solutions
Q1: How should I approach solving numerical problems in Physics?
Start by carefully reading the problem, identify given data and what needs to be found. Write down the relevant formula, substitute the values with proper units, and calculate step by step. Always verify your answer by checking units and reasonableness.
Q2: What are the most important chapters for ICSE Class 10 Physics?
All chapters are important, but Focus especially on Force, Work Energy & Power, Light, and Current Electricity as they carry significant weightage in exams and form the foundation for higher studies in Physics.
Q3: How can I remember all the Physics formulas?
Create a formula sheet and review it daily. Understand the derivation of formulas rather than rote learning. Practice problems regularly to reinforce formula application. Use mnemonics and relate formulas to real-life examples.
Q4: What’s the difference between work and energy?
Work is done when a force causes displacement (W = F × s). Energy is the capacity to do work. Work and energy are related through the work-energy theorem: work done equals change in kinetic energy.
Q5: How do I solve ray diagram problems in Light chapter?
Follow the rules of ray tracing: (1) A ray parallel to principal axis passes through focus after reflection/refraction, (2) A ray through focus becomes parallel to principal axis, (3) A ray through center of curvature retraces its path. Practice drawing neat, labeled diagrams.
Q6: What’s the significance of Ohm’s Law in electricity?
Ohm’s Law (V = IR) is fundamental in electrical circuits. It helps calculate unknown quantities when two are known. It’s valid only for ohmic conductors at constant temperature and forms the basis for analyzing series and parallel circuits.
Q7: How should I prepare for practical exams in Physics?
Practice handling instruments carefully, understand the principle behind each experiment, learn to read scales accurately, and maintain proper lab records. Focus on understanding sources of error and how to minimize them. Practice drawing circuit diagrams and ray diagrams neatly.
Q8: Which topics from Class 10 Physics are important for NEET preparation?
All topics provide foundation for NEET. Focus particularly on mechanics (Force, Work, Energy), optics (reflection, refraction), and electricity. These concepts are expanded in Class 11-12 and appear frequently in NEET. Build strong conceptual understanding rather than just solving textbook problems.
Master Physics with Confidence!
This comprehensive guide covers all essential concepts from Concise Physics Class 10 with detailed solutions, practical examples, and exam-focused tips. Regular practice with these solutions will build a strong foundation for your board exams and future competitive exams like NEET and JEE.
Key Takeaways:
- Understand concepts before memorizing formulas
- Practice numerical problems regularly
- Draw neat diagrams and label them properly
- Focus on understanding rather than rote learning
- Apply physics concepts to real-life situations
Share your thoughts in the comments below! Which chapter do you find most challenging? What other topics would you like us to cover? Your feedback helps us create better content for students like you.
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