Prevention of drug abuse and Sexually Transmitted diseases science Chapter Class 9th NCERT Solutions with all NCERT books questions
Prevention of drug abuse
Understanding Drug Abuse
- Definition: Drug abuse refers to the misuse of substances, including drugs and alcohol, leading to physical and mental health issues.
- Commonly Abused Substances: Opioids, cannabinoids, cocaine, tobacco, and alcohol.
Causes of Drug Abuse
- Peer Pressure: Adolescents are often influenced by their peers to experiment with drugs.
- Stress and Emotional Issues: Individuals may turn to drugs to cope with stress, anxiety, or depression.
- Curiosity and Experimentation: Some people abuse drugs out of curiosity or a desire to experiment.
Consequences of Drug Abuse
- Health Problems: Drug abuse can lead to severe health issues, including respiratory problems, liver damage, and mental disorders.
- Addiction: Prolonged use of drugs can lead to addiction, where an individual becomes physically and psychologically dependent on the substance.
- Social Issues: Drug abuse can strain relationships, lead to job loss, and increase the likelihood of criminal behavior.
Preventive Measures
- Education: Providing accurate information about the dangers of drug abuse can prevent individuals from starting drug use.
- Counseling and Support: Offering counseling and emotional support can help individuals resist peer pressure and cope with stress.
- Community Programs: Participating in community activities and programs that promote healthy living can deter individuals from drug abuse.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) Prevention
Understanding STDs
- Definition: STDs are infections that are transmitted through sexual contact, including HIV, gonorrhea, syphilis, and chlamydia.
- Modes of Transmission: STDs are primarily spread through sexual contact, blood transfusions, and from mother to child during childbirth.
Symptoms of STDs
- HIV/AIDS: Symptoms include sudden weight loss, fever, and fatigue.
- Gonorrhea: Symptoms include painful urination and abnormal discharge.
- Syphilis: Symptoms include sores on the genitals, rashes, and fever.
Preventive Measures
- Safe Sexual Practices: Using condoms and ensuring both partners are tested before engaging in sexual activity can reduce the risk of STDs.
- Regular Testing: Regular screening for STDs can help detect infections early and prevent further transmission.
- Education: Educating individuals about the risks of unprotected sex and the importance of safe sexual practices is crucial in preventing STDs.
Exercise Questions and Answers
What does the term addiction mean?
Addiction refers to a chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking, continued use despite harmful consequences, and long-lasting changes in the brain.
Define drug.
A drug is any substance that, when ingested or otherwise introduced into the body, has a physiological effect.
What is substance abuse?
Substance abuse is the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit drugs.
Write various problems suffered by adolescents.
Adolescents may suffer from peer pressure, academic stress, emotional instability, and the risk of engaging in substance abuse.
Write the characteristics of drug addiction.
Drug addiction is characterized by an inability to stop using the substance, increased tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, and neglect of responsibilities.
Write the symptoms of drug addiction.
Symptoms include cravings, inability to control drug use, withdrawal symptoms, and social or occupational dysfunction.
“Adolescents are more prone to substance abuse.” Justify the statement.
Adolescents are more prone to substance abuse due to peer pressure, a desire to fit in, and a lack of mature decision-making abilities.
How do drugs influence the human brain?
Drugs influence the brain by altering the way neurotransmitters send, receive, and process signals, leading to changes in mood, behavior, and cognition.
Write a note on different types of drugs.
Drugs are classified into various types based on their effects: stimulants (e.g., cocaine), depressants (e.g., alcohol), opioids (e.g., heroin), and hallucinogens (e.g., LSD).
Describe the four symptoms of drug addiction.
The four symptoms of drug addiction are: cravings, loss of control, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms.
What are the reasons for drug abuse?
Reasons for drug abuse include peer pressure, curiosity, emotional distress, and easy availability of substances.
What are STDs? Name a few.
STDs are sexually transmitted diseases. Examples include HIV, gonorrhea, syphilis, and chlamydia.
Give the full form of AIDS & HIV.
AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Enlist the modes of transmission of AIDS.
AIDS is transmitted through unprotected sexual contact, contaminated blood transfusions, sharing of needles, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding.
What are the common myths related to the transmission of AIDS?
Common myths include that AIDS can be transmitted through casual contact, kissing, or sharing utensils. AIDS is only spread through specific body fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk.
What measures would you recommend to prevent/check the spread of AIDS?
To prevent AIDS, practice safe sex, use clean needles, ensure blood transfusions are screened, and get regularly tested.
Name at least two methods used for the detection of HIV infection.
Two methods used for HIV detection are the ELISA test and Western blot test.
How should an AIDS patient be treated?
An AIDS patient should receive antiretroviral therapy (ART), regular medical care, and support to manage symptoms and prevent infections.
What are the four symptoms of AIDS?
The four symptoms of AIDS include chronic fatigue, weight loss, recurrent infections, and prolonged fever.
(A) Match the Following:
- Opioids — Papaver somniferum
- Cannabinoids — Cannabis sativa
- Coca alkaloids — Erythroxylum coca
- Tobacco — Nicotiana tabaccum
Fill in the Blanks:
- The word drug has been derived from the Dutch word droog.
- Nicotiana tabaccum belongs to the family Solanaceae.
- The substance which decreases functional efficiency is called a drug.
- Tobacco is a stimulant product.
- The vital organ which is affected by tobacco is the lungs.
(B) Match the Following:
- Mode of transmission — Blood transfusion
- Gonorrhea — Bacterial infection
- Causative Agent — HIV
- Symptoms of AIDS — Sudden weight loss
