Human Resources - Long Answer Questions
Because it is people with their demands and abilities that turn nature's gift into resources. Healthy, educated, and motivated people develop resources.
The way in which people are spread across the earth surface. It is extremely uneven.
The number of people living in a unit area of the earth's surface. Usually expressed as per square km. Average density of world is 51 persons/sq km. India is much higher (382+).
Geographical: Topography (Plains vs Mountains), Climate (Extreme vs Moderate), Soil, Water, Minerals. Social/Cultural: Jobs, Education, Health, Religion.
Births, Deaths, and Migration.
The number of live births per 1,000 people.
The number of deaths per 1,000 people.
The difference between the birth rate and the death rate of a country.
The movement of people in and out of an area. Immigrants come in; Emigrants go out.
A graphical presentation of the age-sex composition of a population. It shows the percentage of males/females in different age groups.
High birth rate (many children). If it narrows quickly at top, it means high death rate too (e.g., Kenya).
Low birth rate (e.g., Japan/Europe).
Mainly due to the rapid decline in death rates (better health/food) while birth rates remain high.
The number of years that an average person can expect to live.
Ganga plains in India, Nile delta in Egypt, Eastern North America, Western Europe (Plains/Industrial areas).
High mountains (Himalayas/Andes), Deserts (Sahara), Polar regions (Antarctica), and thick Equatorial forests (Amazon).
Push factors (unemployment, war, poverty) and Pull factors (jobs, better life, safety).
It is the working population (economically active).
Skilled, spirited, and hopeful young people are the future of any nation. They drive economic growth.
World population hit 6 billion.
Human Resources - Important Facts
People are the ultimate resource.
90% of people live on 30% of land.
Asia and Africa have high population.
60% of world's people stay in 10 countries.
China and India are most populous.
Average density of world: 51 per sq km.
Average density of India: 382 per sq km.
Siberia is sparsely populated due to climate.
Ganga plains are most densely populated.
Minerals attract population (Diamond mines in SA, Oil in Middle East).
Varanasi/Jerusalem attract for religious reasons.
Industrial areas provide employment.
Osaka and Mumbai are dense due to industry.
Birth Rate > Death Rate = Growth.
Birth Rate = Death Rate = Stable.
Birth Rate < Death Rate = Decline.
World population reached 1 billion in 1804.
World population reached 3 billion in 1959.
World population reached 6 billion in 1999.
This is called Population Explosion.
Kenya has high growth (High Birth, Falling Death).
UK has slow growth (Low Birth, Low Death).
Japan has negative/low growth.
Migration affects population size.
Immigration increases population.
Emigration decreases population.
USA and Australia gained by migration.
Sudan lost by out-migration.
Population composition is structure.
Age-Sex pyramid shows structure.
Children (0-14) are dependents.
Elderly (65+) are dependents.
Working age (15-64) are producers.
Japan's pyramid is narrow at base.
India's pyramid is broad at base (young nation).
Skilled youth are an asset.
Human Resource Development Ministry created in 1985.
Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana trains youth.
Education empowers people.
Health allows people to work.
Water availability dictates settlement.
River valleys are cradles of civilization.
Climate change affects migration.
Refugees flee from danger.
Urbanization draws people to cities.
Rural depopulation is a concern.
Human Resources - Important Dates/Terms
Creation of HRD Ministry
World Pop hits 6 Billion
World Pop hits 1 Billion