Marginalisation - Long Answer Questions
To be forced to occupy the sides or fringes and thus not be at the centre of things. Feeling excluded from mainstream society due to language, customs, religion, or poverty.
Literally 'Original Inhabitants'. Communities who lived in close association with forests. Approx 8% of India's population.
Often shown in colourful costumes, headgear, and dancing. People think they are exotic and backward. This ignores their rich history and loss of land.
British forest laws, mining projects, dams, and wildlife parks. They were evicted. Often without fair compensation.
Scheduled Castes. They face marginalization due to the caste system (untouchability).
Communities that are numerically small in relation to the rest of the population. The Constitution protects them to preserve their culture (e.g., Muslims, Christians, Sikhs).
Appointed to study the status of Muslims in India. It found that Muslims generally lag behind in education, employment, and housing, comparable to SC/STs.
When a distinct community lives together in a concentrated area due to fear or social alienation. It leads to isolation.
Loss of forest access forces them to migrate to cities for work (construction, domestic help). They get caught in poverty.
A sacred hill for the Dongria Kondh tribe in Odisha. A mining company wanted to mine bauxite there. The tribe fought against it.
They have their own languages (e.g., Santhali). Santhali has the largest number of speakers and significant publications.
No. There are over 500 distinct Adivasi groups in India. They are very diverse.
Marginalized groups get fewer opportunities (education, jobs), leading to poverty. Poverty leads to powerlessness, leading to further marginalization (Cycle).
Articles 29 and 30 allow them to establish educational institutions and conserve their script/culture.
That they don't send girls to school. However, studies show poverty is the main reason. When schools are near/free, Muslim girls attend.
The dominant culture/society.
Forced movement of people from their homes (due to dams/mines).
They provide timber, herbs, animals, and regulate climate. Adivasis were guardians of this wealth.
They lose their livelihood and traditions. They often end up in urban slums.
Literacy among Muslims and Tribals is lower than national average.
Marginalisation - Important Facts
Adivasi means Original Inhabitant.
8% of India's population is Adivasi.
Odisha has 60+ tribal groups.
Adivasis worship nature (mountains, rivers).
Jagannath cult originated from tribal roots.
Shakti/Tantric traditions have tribal roots.
Santhali is a major tribal language.
Metals (Iron, Copper, Gold) come from tribal lands.
50% of displaced people due to dams are tribals.
Northeast India is largely tribal.
Niyamgiri is in Odisha (Kalahandi).
Bauxite is ore for Aluminium.
Muslims are 14.2% of population (2011).
Muslims are considered a marginalized community.
Sachar Committee Report (2005) revealed Muslim backwardness.
Muslim literacy is lowest among religions.
Muslim representation in IAS/IPS is low.
Ghettoisation is a fear-based clustering.
Stereotypes lead to hatred/violence.
Constitution provides Safeguards.
Equality is the aim.
Marginalization is complex.
It involves economic, social, cultural factors.
Dalits are Scheduled Castes.
Adivasis are Scheduled Tribes.
OBCs are Other Backward Classes.
Creamy layer excludes rich OBCs.
CK Janu is an Adivasi activist.
Development often costs the poor.
Reservations exist in education/jobs for SC/ST.
Prevention of Atrocities Act (1989) protects SC/ST.
Manual Scavenging is banned (1993, 2013).
Kabir was a weaver (marginalized group poet).
Soyrabai was a Mahar poetess.
Schemes: Scholarships, Hostels for marginalized.
Cultural rights preserve diversity.
Marginalisation - Important Dates/Terms
Sachar Committee formed
Atrocities Act