From Trade to Territory - Long Answer Questions
Aurangzeb. After his death in 1707, the empire broke up into regional kingdoms.
In 1600, Queen Elizabeth I granted a charter to EIC for monopoly trade with the East.
A business enterprise that makes profit primarily through trade, buying goods cheap and selling them at higher prices.
Vasco da Gama (Portuguese explorer) in 1498.
Fine qualities of cotton and silk, pepper, cloves, cardamom, and cinnamon.
To secure markets. They sank each other's ships, blockaded routes, and fortified their trading posts.
The first major victory of EIC in India. Robert Clive defeated Sirajuddaulah (Nawab of Bengal). The prime reason was Mir Jafar (commander) betrayed Sirajuddaulah.
The right to collect land revenue. EIC got the Diwani of Bengal in 1765 from the Mughal Emperor.
British officials who made fortunes in India and returned to Britain to live flashy lives (anglicized version of Nawab).
A policy where Indian rulers were not allowed independent armies. They had to pay for the Company's 'subsidiary forces'. If they failed to pay, part of their territory was taken as penalty (e.g., Awadh, Hyderabad).
The 'Tiger of Mysore'. He ruled Mysore and fought four wars against the British. He stopped the export of sandalwood/pepper and modernized his army.
Devised by Lord Dalhousie. If an Indian ruler died without a male heir, his kingdom would 'lapse' and become Company territory. (Satara, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Nagpur, Jhansi were annexed).
A massive rebellion broke out against the British rule.
Queen of Kitoor (Karnataka). She led an anti-British resistance movement when they tried to annex Kitoor. She was arrested in 1824.
Established by Warren Hastings (1772). Each district to have two courts: Criminal court (Faujdari adalat) and Civil court (Diwani adalat).
The principal figure in an Indian district. His main job was to collect revenue/taxes and maintain law and order.
Under Lord Hastings, the Company claimed its authority was paramount or supreme, hence its power was greater than that of Indian states.
A powerful confederacy divided into states (Sindhia, Holkar, Gaikwad, Bhonsle) under a Peshwa. They were defeated in the Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817-19).
Not a manufacturing unit, but a warehouse where Company officials (factors) worked and stored goods.
A trial of a very high public official for misconduct. Warren Hastings was impeached by the British Parliament.
From Trade to Territory - Important Facts
Aurangzeb died in 1707.
Vasco da Gama arrived in 1498.
EIC Charter granted in 1600.
First English factory on Hugli river in 1651.
Battle of Plassey fought in 1757.
Robert Clive led the Company forces.
Mir Jafar was the traitor.
Battle of Buxar fought in 1764.
Diwani of Bengal granted in 1765.
Tipu Sultan ruled 1782-1799.
Tipu used rockets in war.
Marathas were defeated in 1817-19.
Doctrine of Lapse introduced by Dalhousie.
Jhansi annexed in 1854.
Awadh annexed in 1856.
Warren Hastings introduced new justice system.
Supreme Court established in Calcutta (1773).
Sadar Nizamat Adalat was at Calcutta.
Qazi is a judge.
Mufti is a jurist of Muslim law.
Dharmashastras translated for British judges.
Musket is a heavy gun used by infantry.
Matchlock is an early type of gun.
Sepoy Army (from Sipahi) developed.
Company army was disciplined.
Steamships reduced travel time to India.
By 1857, EIC ruled 63% of territory.
Mercantilism drove colonial expansion.
Dutch, French, Portuguese were rivals.
Fort William was in Calcutta.
Farman is a royal order.
Aurangzeb gave EIC duty-free trade right.
Private trade by officials was not duty-free.
Murshid Quli Khan was Nawab of Bengal.
Alivardi Khan was Nawab of Bengal.
Sirajuddaulah was Nawab of Bengal.
Plassey is from 'Palash' tree.
Robert Clive committed suicide in 1774.
Richard Wellesley introduced Subsidiary Alliance.
Hydar Ali was Tipu's father.
Seringapatam was Mysore's capital.
Confederacy is an alliance.
Peshwa was the Principal Minister.
Punjab annexed in 1849 (after Ranjit Singh).
Lord Hastings initiated Paramountcy.
Collector became the new centre of power.
Criminal courts were under Qazi/Mufti but supervised by Collector.
Code of Hindu laws compiled in 1775.
From Trade to Territory - Important Dates/Terms
Vasco da Gama arrives
EIC formed
Battle of Plassey
Battle of Buxar
Death of Tipu Sultan