Population - Long Answer Questions
An official enumeration of population done periodically. In India, every 10 years.
People are the pivotal element in social studies. They are producers and consumers of resources. Their numbers/quality determine development.
1.21 billion (2011 Census). 17.5% of world population. 2nd most populous.
Uttar Pradesh (199 million).
Sikkim (0.6 million).
Number of persons per unit area (sq km). India: 382 persons/sq km (2011).
Flat land, fertile soil, abundant rainfall.
Births, Deaths, Migration.
Live births per 1000 persons in a year.
Deaths per 1000 persons in a year.
Internal (within country) or International (between countries). Internal does not change size, but distribution.
Number of people in different age groups: Children (0-14, Dependent), Working Age (15-59, Productive), Aged (59+, Dependent).
Number of females per 1000 males. India: 943 (2011). It is an indicator of social equality.
Percentage of people (7+ years) who can read and write with understanding. India: 73% (2011). Male: 80.9%, Female: 64.6%.
Distribution of population across Primary (Agri), Secondary (Ind), and Tertiary (Services) sectors. 64% in Primary in India.
Age group 10-19 years. Critical for nation's future. Needs nutrition and protection.
National Population Policy 2000. Framework to achieve stable population by 2045. Focus on health, specialized needs of adolescents, and delayed marriage.
Has improved (Life expectancy rose from 36 to 67 years). But malnutrition and lack of safe water remain issues.
Push factor: Poverty/Unemployment in villages. Pull factor: Jobs/Better living conditions in cities.
Population - Important Facts
First Census in 1872.
First complete Census in 1881.
India area: 2.4% of world.
India pop: 17.5% of world.
UP has 16% of India's pop.
Lakshadweep has only 64,000 people.
Highest density: Bihar (1102).
Lowest density: Arunachal Pradesh (17).
Assam and Peninsular states have moderate density.
Population growth was rapid (1951-1981).
Since 1981, growth rate is declining.
India may overtake China by 2045.
Urban population 31.8% (2011).
Adolescents are 20% of population.
Domestic violence/anaemia affect adolescent girls.
NPP promotes free education till 14.
NPP promotes immunization.
Family welfare is a voluntary programme.
Human Resource is the ultimate resource.
Population - Important Dates/Terms
First Census
First Complete Census
National Population Policy
Latest Census mentioned in text