Socialism and Russian Revolution - Long Answer Questions
Three demands made by Vladimir Lenin after returning from exile in April 1917: 1. War be brought to a close. 2. Land be transferred to peasants. 3. Banks be nationalized.
The majority group of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, led by Lenin. They believed in a disciplined party of professional revolutionaries. They led the October Revolution.
The minority group who believed the party should be open to all (like in Germany). They were more moderate.
On a Sunday in 1905, a peaceful procession of workers led by Father Gapon was attacked by police/Cossacks at Winter Palace. 100 killed. It started the 1905 Revolution.
A policy introduced by Stalin. Small peasant holdings were consolidated into large collective farms (Kolkhoz) to modernize agriculture and increase grain supply.
The autocratic ruler of Russia during the revolution. He abdicated in March 1917.
An elected consultative parliament created by the Tsar after the 1905 revolution. The Tsar often dismissed it.
Food shortages and protests led to the abdication of the Tsar. A Provisional Government was formed.
The Bolsheviks led by Lenin and Trotsky seized power from the Provisional Government. This made Russia the first communist state.
A philosopher who argued that industrial society was capitalist. Capitalists exploited workers. Workers must overthrow capitalism to build a communist society.
Rich peasants in Russia. Stalin targeted them during collectivization.
Communist International. An organization of socialist parties formed to promote world revolution.
The secret police set up by the Bolsheviks to punish those who criticized the revolution.
A movement to give women the right to vote.
Muslim reformers within the Russian empire who wanted modernized Islam.
Forced exile from one's own country.
A council of workers and soldiers. The Petrograd Soviet played a key role.
Unpopular war (WWI), Rasputin's influence, food shortages, and refusal to share power.
Rule by one person with absolute power (The Tsar).
It gave the world an alternative to capitalism (Socialism) and inspired anti-colonial movements.
Socialism and Russian Revolution - Important Facts
Liberals wanted a nation with tolerance.
Radicals wanted government based on majority.
Conservatives opposed change.
Industrialization brought problems (slums, long hours).
Marx wrote 'Das Kapital'.
Friedrich Engels supported Marx.
Socialists are against private property.
Second International was a socialist body.
Russia was an autocracy.
Russian Orthodox Church was powerful.
85% of Russians were agriculturists.
St. Petersburg and Moscow were industrial centres.
RSDLP founded in 1898.
Socialist Revolutionary Party (1900) for peasants.
Lenin thought peasants were not united.
Japan defeated Russia in 1904.
Petrograd Soviet formed in 1917.
Women led the procession on Feb 22.
Petrograd was renamed Leningrad.
Provisional Government was led by Kerenskii.
Lenin returned in April 1917.
Bolsheviks eventually became the Communist Party.
Trotsky organized the Military Revolutionary Committee.
Aurora ship shelled the Winter Palace.
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ended war with Germany.
Civil War (1918-1920) fought between Reds, Greens, Whites.
Reds = Bolsheviks.
Greens = Socialist Revolutionaries.
Whites = Pro-Tsarists.
USSR formed in December 1922.
Stalin succeeded Lenin.
Five Year Plans started centralization.
Rapid construction led to poor conditions.
Magnitogorsk steel plant built in 3 years.
Kolkhoz = Collective Farm.
Famine of 1930-33 killed 4 million.
Great Purge killed many critics.
Many non-Russians supported Bolsheviks.
MN Roy contacted Lenin.
Indian Communist Party formed in mid-1920s.
Rabindranath Tagore visited Russia.
Jawaharlal Nehru visited Russia.
Socialism became a global idea.
Cold War later divided the world.
Socialism and Russian Revolution - Important Dates/Terms
Bloody Sunday
World War I begins
Feb and Oct Revolutions
Lenin dies
Collectivization starts